Archive for the ‘ Broadcast Engineering ’ Category

Netflix Versus Cable

Things don’t look too good for Netflix.  It seems to have gotten more popular than it can handle.

Several months ago, there was some sort of kooky loophole causing Sony Movies to be cut from the service.  Basically, it sounds like whomever wrote the deal didn’t anticipate the massive popularity of on demand streaming movies and Netflix exceeded some sort of cap on how many people would be allowed to watch the movies.

Then there was the recent Price Hike, which took effect yesterday.  Streaming only or DVDs only will cost less than the previous joint plan but to get both it’ll cost $6 more a month.  There seems to be a pretty even split on who prefers what but most people seem to be set on dropping half of their service in one direction or the other.

Now, Netflix is losing Starz as well.  My chief complaint here is that, frankly, it’s hard to tell what exactly comes from which distributor.

Netflix seems to be falling to it’s own popularity.  In the last several months they seem to be advertising in full force everywhere.  Which must be working pretty well for them since they keep advertising.

The service is available on almost every Blu-Ray and Game Console available now, making watching it through a real television easier than ever.  I took a quick glace at the selection of players at a Target recently for my parents and every single one included the ability to watch Netflix.

(Oh look, as I type this, a Netflix ad just came on the television)

Once again, it seems to be large companies afraid of a new more efficient business model.  The revenues from Netflix aren’t as high as with Cable or DVD.  The problem these companies don’t take into account is that they have less overhead and production costs.  The Music industry took forever to realize this and look where it got them.  Everyone uses MP3s and Pandora anyway in the end only they also universally hate the RIAA.

EBooks tend to suffer from this issues as well with a digital book costing as much or more than a paperback which requires printing and formatting and shipping and trees.

The question is, will Netflix really last as it’s value is degraded.  Cable Networks seem to be banking on not.  More likely, as the “big name content” pulls out, people will shift more towards indie focused content like they did with Music and to some extent Video Games.  Smaller content creators that don’t have the overhead of dozens of years of corporate BS hanging over them that don’t care if they make a million dollars, just that they can make enough to make a decent living.

What I’ve Learned About Videography

Each year for the last 3 years I’ve gone to my daughters’ dance an tumbing recitals and made DVDs of them to be distributed to the girls.  This seems fairly easy, anyone can point a camera, but there are several issues that come up that may not be considered. 

Firstly, When shooting the video, you have to keep in mind that you’re not “shooting video of your daughter”.  You’re shooting the show.  Considering maybe 80% of the show doesn’t have my kids in it, this isn’t too hard, but it is something to remember when they are on stage.  You can’t focus on your kids because other people who will be watching the DVDs don’t care.

Shooting Dance vs Shooting Tumbling are two completely different beasts.  Tumbling is in a brightly lit wide open Gym, so from a technical standpoint, it’s easier.  However Tumbling has lots of motion in a wider area, so it makes it more difficult in the sense that you need to “pay attention more”.  Also, in this case, there is only one Tumbling show.  There are two nights of Dance Recital.  In the event of disaster, you can always “try again” on the Recital.

This isn’t entirely true though since experience says that 10% of the girls will not show up to perform the second light.

For tumbling, it’s not too bad when they are bunched up but often the girls will spread out into two groups at the end of the long map.  This means you either go with a wide shot with a huge open map in the center of the screen or come in for a tight shot of one side or the other.  A tight shot isn’t always the best bet though sometimes the performance being done works better for the symmetry of a wide shot.

The biggest issue with Tumbling is the wideness of the shoot couple with the fact that generally you don’t know what the girls will do next.  You have to anticipate and hope that “They will roll left/right next”.  This is actually easier than it seems if you watch the balance and movement of the performance. 

The recital is slightly more tricky from the technical side.  You sit in a dark theater shooting a lit stage.  Every 3-4 minutes, the curtain closes and the entire scene goes dark.  The performance starts at a certain time even if you’re not ready.  This makes white balancing tricky.  I have had to white balance at the start or beginning of a performance which makes for a slightly jarring color change but it’s not terrible and forgettable. 

I wouldn’t white balance at all except I find that depending on the costume, different white balance levels do and don’t work.  IE a shimmery sequined costume will blast out a shot with reflection if it’s been white balanced against a darker costume.  It doesn’t help that there generally isn’t an actual white surface to while balance against properly in the proper lighting set up.  I keep telling myself I’m going to get the directory to open the show with some person standing on stage holding a white poster board who quickly runs off.

The nice thing with Dance is that it’s contained on the stage.  It’s easy to set a wide shot on the general area of the performance and hold it for a bit as needed. 

This third year I shot from the back of the room up higher, previously I’d been shooting from in the aisle in the crowd.  The advantage of shooting in the back is that I never once had to worry about people standing up in front of me.  When this happens while in the crowd it’s best to zoom in on the performance if possible and avoid it as much as possible.  It’s a method that works pretty well.

Finally, the final thing I’ve done and learned comes with the final editing.  From the start I had the idea to remix the music into the final cut to help avoid any issue of background chatter/coughing/etc.  I mute the track on the video except for the clapping and then play the higher quality audio over the performance.  The first year I mixed each track individually.  This is extremely time consuming and slow.  The last two years I took a laptop, plugged it into the mixer board and recorded the sound coming out in real time.  This gives me a file that I have to only line up once and everything else falls into place.

Much easier.

Views From the Inside of the DTV Switch

All the buzz in television these days is about the switch to Digital or the DTV Transition.  It was originally slated for February 17th but got pushed back to June 12th.  Still, it was left open for stations to go ahead and switch early so long as they fulfilled requirements set forth by the FCC.  These requirements include filing the proper paper work, running 5-10 minutes of crawls per hour stating that you are shutting off your analog, running 130 or so spots stating you are planning to cease analog broadcast and running a ten day “nightlight” informational broadcast after the shut off.  There is a lot more involved I’m sure but I’m not too involved on that side of the problem.

What I am involve with is the engineering side of a broadcast television station.  This means I get to field calls from viewers with questions and (often) complaints about the whole situation.  There is actually a pretty standard profile for the type of caller and a pretty standard set of questions for who is calling in.

Let’s start with who is calling in.  Keep in mind, the only piece of information I generally actually request from these people is their location and which channel they are trying to receive as we run three stations out of our building.  The only common trait among the largest number of callers is that they live on the fringe of our coverage area.  They also tend on the older side but not necessarily the elderly.  Also even if they do fall into the category of “the elderly” they don’t usually fit the stereotype presented by the Youtube video of the old confused woman.  Truth is, many of the callers, especially the ones who want to vent more than ask questions, are pretty well educated on how to get the signal regardless of age.

I have not had any callers who were completely unaware of the DTV Transition or that they needed a converter box to make their old Televisions work.  Once again, this may be slightly skewed since the front desk operator also fields some calls and may be taking care of anyone completely unaware.

Most callers have complaints that they simply cannot receive the signal or have an intermittent signal. Almost all of these callers are on the fringe of the signal using indoor antennas.  In this respect my general advice is to use an outdoor antenna if possible.  I also let them know, based on Google Maps, which direction they should point their antenna for the best reception since the Digital signal works in a more directional manner than the analog.  A small fraction of the people are generally far enough out there isn’t much I can suggest or do for them.  This leads them to run on with a string of complaints.

I get a lot of complaints.

People complain that this whole transition is a stupid idea.  One caller referred to it as a “boondoggle”.  These people also generally go on to suggest the whole thing is a conspiracy to make money for the government and corporations.  Also that it’s a big conspiracy to get everyone to sign up for cable.  I’ve found the best thing to do with these callers is to let them vent.  If they really get to blaming us, the television station, I tell them that we’re under the scrutiny of the FCC and didn’t have much choice int he matter.  Occasionally I’ll give them the phone number oft he FCC and a coworker suggests they contact their congress person.

I’ve found that after what help I can give and after letting people vent that most people seem to be happier at least.  They tell me thanks and seem to mean it before ending the call.  They seem to get the idea that this isn’t really our, the TV station’s, fault.

I also get the occasional complaint about cost.  I’ve had several people suggest they have spent a bunch of money on cables or boxes and are irritated that they can’t get the stations they want.  I’ve had a few people complain they can’t afford a box.  I’ve had a fair number of people call and ask if they could get coupons or when their coupon will arrive (we don’t handle the coupons).  I also get the occasionally odd kook, one guy leaving a voicemail saying he wanted to deliver a message to C-Span, which is neither a broadcast station nor located in our building.

The final complaint I get is “Why didn’t you wait until June 12th with the government delay”.  The answer to this is a bit complicated.  Primary and most obvious, though certainly not the only factor, is that we’ve already budgeted and planned to shut down the analog transmitter.  In this tough economy the electricity savings are extremely welcome.  It’s not cheap to power a broadcast television transmitter.  There is also the benefit that we can simplify our control room and remove unneeded equipment and monitoring.  Until recently we had no effective way of monitoring our HD 5.1 sound, but now, with the focus squarely on DTV, we’re much better equipped for the matter.

There is also the idea of “get it over with”.  The people who procrastinated for February 17th will Procrastinate again until June 12th.  These are the people that are hoping and wishing that the transition will get delayed again, possibly indefinitely.  I’ve had several callers suggest we need to go back.  The thing is, it’s not going to get delayed, nor is it going back.  The signal spectrum has already been sold.  Qualcom most of all is probably in the worst situation through all of this since they have to wait for the channel 55 spectrum to clear up for their new mobile TV initiative.

Anyway, I’ve covered about all I need to say but I’ll close on one point.  DTV is already out there.  It has been for years in most markets.  You don’t have to wait until the transition to receive it.  Several people I’ve spoken to seem to be under the impression that the DTV transition meant switching off analog and turning on digital.  It doesn’t at all.  At least in this market, for every station, there has been a digital and an analog transmitter in operation for at least a year.  Also, the coupons which are in short short supply these days have been around for nearly as long.  I got one back in April or May of 2008 and bought a converter box with it around the same time, and I barely watch television (and have cable).  If you’re so desperately dependant on your television, why are you putting this off?

So you’ve been procrastinating on buying your converter box, you’re still waiting for your coupon, maybe you just don’t know how it works, the point is, you’re not ready yet for DTV. Then the government delays things until June. You’re now in the clear.

Aren’t you?

Many stations will still be making the switch February 17th. Of the 1800 or so stations nation wide, at least 500 have files with the FCC to shut off early.  That’s a little over one fourth.  That’s also not counting the ones that have already made the switch. or how many of those 1800 stations are actually repeater stations for other stations.

Many stations in my area, including the three that I help run will be turning off the Analog at midnight on Feb 17th. Actually, it’s not a straight shut off, what you’ll get is a reduced power fuzzy slate that states “This station is no longer available in analog” or at least something to that effect. I hope to capture the shut off on Video and do something with it. I have some clever ideas.

Anyway, in preparation for this early shut off we are required to run 5 minutes of crawls per hour until 2 days before when it ups to 10 minutes of crawls. These are accompanied by spots as well. These crawls advise people to call in if they are having trouble getting the digital signal. Many callers are pretty nice though a few can get pretty rude. The rude ones are generally mad that we are “doing this to them” even though we are under the shoe of the government as much as they are. Others think it’s all a big conspiracy to get money and to get everyone to subscribe to cable.

The annoying part on my end is that this transitions has been publicized for at least a year now. We’ve been broadcasting digital since before I got into the business (2006) and the very first thing I did on the job was to assemble the High Definition equipment rack.

In fact I am pretty sure the transition was originally slated to happen in 2005 or so. This has been going on for years and now, 1 month before the event everyone is rushing in and now there is a shortage of coupons and people are not prepared. Thankfully, not to marginalize part of the population, but the percentage of people watching TV on analog only is very small.

On the other hand, during our soft test we discovered several cable companied that were not ready. Most cable companies, especially smaller ones, pick up over the air signals the same way people at home do. Only large companies (Comcast, AT&T) can afford to run fiber from the local stations.

The real fun begins when it actually happens. Every time we run a crawl, we get a small flood of callers. I can’t wait to see the mess the full time slate produces.

DTV Readiness Flow Chart

For the soft shut off test of our analog transmitters, I got to man the phones along with our Production manager.  In order to help expedite the call in process I crated this flow chart.  This is a generic path to test readiness for DTV.

DTV Flow Chart